Check out this book -
Rifling Machines & Methods
by
Clifford F LaBounty
Best book I've read on the subject. I have considerable experience with rifle and pistol barrels. I built my own twin head drilling machine, a twin head reaming machine and a cnc button puller. Could do barrels up to 40"
Eldorado tool is go to for drills and rifling buttons. Get your pull reamers from Dave Kiff at Pacific Tool & Gauge. (Dave also sells buttons)
Coolant pressure is key, use Sulphurized straight oil for drilling (not water soluable) 1000 PSI or better at the drill tip. Make or buy an eldorado type gun drill sharpening fixture to grind your drills or send them back to Eldarado for it every 20 or so tubes. (depends on the material). Gotta have RPM for small drills (.22 caliber ran at about 3600 RPM and about .00034/rev feedrate IIRC) - Counter rotating work holding from direction of your drill helps control drill wandering.
You MUST ream your barrels, use a pull reamer at about 300 PSI, same oil
Use only certified Ordnance grade US made steel (4140 recommended to start) - Ordnance grade steel is certified no inclusions and is made from virgin melt with no recycle. I've only found it available from Ryerson, but I've not looked at boutique steel companies.
The biggest catch to making button barrels that is not advertised - Your button size WILL be dependent on your raw stock diameter! It takes trial and error to find the size button for a given stock diameter and allow. This is why companies like Green Mountain only offer select size diameters of blanks.
I used buttons with pull rods brazed on from Eldorado, not sure what material their pull rods are (they wouldn't tell me). Pulling a button is MUCH easier than pushing it as you don't have to support the pushrod before it enters the bore. There is a Youtube video of a guy that built a rig to push a button, kinda interesting, but not very practical I didn't think.
You have to rotate the button at the twist rate ground into it with either a sine bar/rack arrangement, or CNC drive the rotation - I chose to build my own CNC machine to do this using Mach 3 for the control and it works great. There is a Youtube video of another guy that built a similar machine to mine for pulling buttons.
I use STP oil treatment for pulling lube for my buttons- a trick I picked up from an old timer I used to know that helped me out when I was getting started.
Was in the gun business for almost 25 years, pretty much retired now. I never did get around to building a cut rifling machine, Still have some large bore projects that may require it though.
Got any other questions -give me a yell.
Chris