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Union Tool Co Orange MA #616-12

Dutch Fisher

Plastic
Joined
Jan 11, 2023
Although I'm not Scottish, I am tight fisted. I'd been casual in looking for a combination set for some time. Prices of Starrett, M&W and Mitutoyo have been too rich for my shallow pocket on internet auction sites. This week, still searching, I happened upon a set in my price range. "Union Tool Co No616 combination set". Union Tool who? Made in USA... oh ok better than that far east no name stuff i suppose and I dont mean J-A-Pan. Make an offer it said, offer made, a bit of ping pong later a fair % knocked off the price, the jobs a good'un. The assault on the coinage is 1/2 the going rate for a Starrett or M&W, 1/3 the Mitutoyo. Who are Union Tool? typed in the old search box with a funny name, result.. not alot. Further digging, no longer exist. More digging, internet archive has old catalogues, really old, 1940's 1950's. Yep its them. The catalogues are numbered and yeared although there are gaps, nice, ok leaf through, 616? no, 609 608 6 somethng something. 5 books later its 1943 edition. Blimey, WWII was in full swing when some bloke printed that baby. A few flick of the digital leaves and there she is, 616 12 inch combination set, exact as the one in the auction photoies. Even has a metric rule option for those foreign blighters.

Short story long, the box arrives, delivered by a postie who's not on strike. Sharp edge to work, the dark red cardboard sits in-front of me. Ok lets have a butchers at what I got, lid off, greaseproof paper flicked....O my whatshisface. This thing is eeeee-maculate unused the same as the day it left the factory. Bar some dried whatever used to keep the rust away, perfect. So somehow this set has been sitting in someones drawer unused for what is possibly 80 years.

Question is, what is the youngest this set can be?
 

FamilyTradition

Aluminum
Joined
Feb 24, 2018
Location
Greenfield, Mass
You may also want to check Miller's Falls Tools catalogs as well. Miller's Falls bought the Union Tool Company in 1957.

Union was also making some tools for Miller's Falls prior to the buyout. Unfortunately they discontinued the Union Tool products when they shut the plant down in the 1970's.
 

rivett608

Diamond
Joined
Oct 25, 2002
Location
Kansas City, Mo.
The company started as Union Caliper Co. in 1908 from ex-Sawyer employees. In 1913 they purchased Bates Mfg. Co. a maker of rules and scales. By 1915 the name changed to the Union Tool Co. Your square does not look like their earlier products so my guess is it dates from the mid 20th century.
 

Cyclotronguy

Stainless
Joined
Sep 21, 2005
Location
Northern California
The existence of two world wars had governments taking control of tool production and forcing. a whole lot of standardizing. Combination squares come under that category When WWI came along all combination squares started looking the same. I have a Union blade in a B&S iron with Miller Falls hardware, it all interchanges and all pretty much the L.S. Starrett 1890's pattern. And everyone it seems trained their first year "prentices" from the Henry Ford School "course of instruction"

Along the same lines I recently had a conversion with a collector in the UK who confirmed that the WWI micrometers made in Sheffield by Ambrose Shardlow / Moore and Wright were copies licensed from the JT Solcomb Company of Glastonbury CT.
 

Joe Michaels

Diamond
Joined
Apr 3, 2004
Location
Shandaken, NY, USA
In the autumn of 1972, I was on my first job as a green engineer, assigned to a powerplant construction site. One of my more pleasurable activities was getting to specify and order tools and equipment which the various crafts (pipefitters, ironworkers, millwrights, boilermakers, electricians, carpenters, laborers) needed. At some point during this time, we were field fabricating a lot of lighter structural steel for pipe supports or hangers as well as catwalks. I ordered some 12" blade combination squares with protractor heads. I figured the supply firm would send something like Stanley or similar combination squares, nothing too fine. Instead, the supply firm furnished a load of Union Tool Company combination squares with protractor heads. I was surprised at the time, as I had been expecting squares with maybe a die-cast aluminum alloy head. I have long since forgotten what the cost per square was. I think I ordered 12 of them, along with forged steel C clamps, Vise Grips, and all sorts of other tools and rigging stuff.

When the job ended, the smaller tools were to be turned over to the client (the power company who owned the plant we'd been working at). Whatever the client did not want, or simply never showed up to look over/claim, was to be 'disposed of'. We all wound up with lots of tools as a result. I got one of the Union combination squares with the protractor head. I've used it for the past 50 years. I consider it my square to use for steel fabrication and blacksmith work. I liked the Union square so much (and the 'non Starrett price') that I bought another couple off eBay. I use them as kind of 'general' squares, saving the Starrett combination squares for the finer work.

The Union squares have unhardened heads. At the time I ordered those Union squares in 1972, plain steel blades with '4R' graduations (1/8ths, 1/16th's, 1 /32nds, & 1/64ths) were furnished. About the only kick I have with the Union square blades vs Starrett is ease of reading the finer graduations. As time marched on, my eyesight changed, and it takes a bit of squinting to read the graduations for the 32nds and 64ths on the plain steel Union square blades. The Starrett square blades have a satin chrome finish which makes the graduations a bit sharper and easier to read. Otherwise, the Union squares are good quality. At the risk of inciting a riot or getting myself hanged off a yardarm, I will say the Union squares are probably in the same league as Starrett or Brown & Sharpe. I use my Union combination squares quite often. I keep one in my 'fabrication and welding bucket' (tools I take with me when going on welding and steel fabrication jobs), and one lurks out in my blacksmith shop. A third Union combination square is hanging on the wall at my work bench in my machine shop. I use this square for general layout work, often with a sharpened piece of soapstone to strike the lines. 50 years of using Union combination squares, and I've gotten some Union tool dividers, spring calipers and an 'odd leg' or 'hermorphrodite caliper' along the way. Union was a good New England toolmaking firm. They were in Orange, Massachusetts. Orange is geographically quite close to Athol, the home of Starrett. I am sure there was some 'cross pollination' between the two firms. To further confuse the issue, I have some older High Speed Steel milling cutters made by Union, also in Massachusetts. Whether this is the same "Union" as the Union Tool who made the combination squares is another question, though not a pressing one.
 

JohnMartin

Hot Rolled
Joined
Jul 8, 2006
Location
Cumberland, Maine
Union was a good New England toolmaking firm. They were in Orange, Massachusetts. Orange is geographically quite close to Athol, the home of Starrett. I am sure there was some 'cross pollination' between the two firms. To further confuse the issue, I have some older High Speed Steel milling cutters made by Union, also in Massachusetts. Whether this is the same "Union" as the Union Tool who made the combination squares is another question, though not a pressing one.
More than likely the milling cutters were from Union Twist Drill, which was in Athol. As I recall, they were started by Starrett to make cutters for them in 1905. Prior to that, Starrett made some of their own cutters. My brother-in-law told me that there are still some cutters at Starrett with the Starrett name on them.

Union Twist Drill was known in Athol as "the Twist". The name was eventually changed to UTD and UTD/Butterfield.
 

Joe Michaels

Diamond
Joined
Apr 3, 2004
Location
Shandaken, NY, USA
JohnMartin:

Thank you for clearing up the question of "the two Unions". Your mention of Union Twist Drill did cause me to remember some of the older taper-shank drills in my shop have the "Union" logo on them at the relieved area on the shank. You also tied the history of Union Twist Drill and Butterfield together for me. What this thread re-affirms is that New England was not only the cradle of precision manufacturing in the USA, but quite a center for the manufacturing of tools, machine tools, machinery, aviation engines, early automobiles, and other fine mechanisms such as firearms and motorcycles. American Bosch had their plant in Springfield, MA and built ignition magnetos and diesel fuel injection systems there, work of the some of the highest precision. Toolmakers trained in New England had a world-wide reputation back 'in the day'. I know that firms in the midwestern part of the USA used to send some of their brightest young stars to Brown & Sharpe to serve a toolmaker's apprenticeship before returning to their home firms (and often going up thru the ranks of management).

I suspect also that 'back in the day' in New England, a good toolmaker had no problem in finding another job if he decided to move on from the shop he was working in. Quite a change from the New England of today which is hardly a center for the manufacturing of machine tools, machinery, or precision tools. Starrett is probably the last holdout. The area around Athol and Orange, MA must have been alive with industry, with Union Twist Drill, Starrett, Union Tool, and Athol Foundry (vises) all hard at it. IN Orange, also there was the Chase Turbine Company. They originally made water turbines, but were best known for sawmill and shingle mill machinery (semi-automated machines for sawing 'shake' type shingles). In 1985, I spent a couple of weeks in the plant of the Rodney-Hunt Company in Orange, MA. We were having some bulkhead gates made by R-H for one of our hydroelectric plants. R-H was an integrated shop, having its own iron foundry, and was a leader in making sluice gates and similar for the control of large volume flows of water. They were a good example of a traditional New England shop, and kept in step with the times, brining in CNC machines including a very large Ingersoll CNC planer mill. Sadly, like so much else of New England manufacturing, R-H was sold and their Orange, MA shop closed and liquidated a few years back.

During the time I spent at R-H, I did get over to Athol and got a one-on-one tour of the Starrett factory. When the people there heard I was using their tools and had taken a number of Starrett tools overseas to use on erecting jobs, I got quite a warm reception. We'd come to a department and the toolmaker apprentice guiding me on my tour would tell everyone there that I had used Starrett tools overseas on jobs. Work would stop for a few minutes and people would ask me about how I used the tools they'd made, and many would shake my hand. In those days, the tour included a ride in an old elevator driven by flat leather belts from a line shaft, and culminated with my being told I could sit at L.S. Starrett's original desk in the original shop for a few minutes. While at Mr. Starrett's desk, I saw a paper with notes about repairs or parts for a water turbine, noting Rodney-Hunt's name. That was the old New England that something like the OP's Union combination square, still in its original box and preservative invokes.
 

Bob-O

Hot Rolled
Joined
May 27, 2004
Location
Long Island, NY
My dad was a stamping die maker in the 1940's thru the 50's before he moved into management. He had mostly Starrett for his precision measuring tools such as mics and veniers, but quite a bit were Union including his combination square set which I still have and use regularly. His small wooden chest was a Union (different company), not a Gerstner. When gave me that box I went to work for him in 1972. I asked him why a Union box, and some Union tools, unlike the Gerstners that were on my co-workers benches. He had said they less cost, but were comparable in value. Then he laughed as he told me how some of his older co-workers kidded him, the kid in the toolroom at the time, for spending ANY money on a box. Most of those old guys kept all their tools in cigar boxes or the box they came in, all tucked away in their bench drawers.
 

Joe Michaels

Diamond
Joined
Apr 3, 2004
Location
Shandaken, NY, USA
Bob-O:

your mention of toolmakers & machinists keeping their tools in cigar boxes sure is a true description. I can remember many machinists and toolmakers digging thru cigar boxes of toolbits, reamers, and the like. If a job came along where they needed some form tool or perhaps a reamer ground a few tenths undersized, they went to their cigar boxes. Next to cigar boxes, the steel coffee cans of the 1950's (and earlier) were in widespread use. These were the shallow, larger diameter coffee cans that opened with a key. The lid of these steel coffee cans fit handily, so made a good container for small tooling. When I go thru lots of old tooling and come on the cigar boxes and coffee cans, it gives me a sense of who the machinist or toolmaker was.

In my own shop, I got a load of tooling with my 13" Roundhead Regal lathe. Some of the tooling was in a "Marsh-Wheeling" cigar box, and it advertised the cigars as a nickel (5 cents) apiece. The box was falling apart, but I saved the lid with the advertising. I can recall many of the old time machinists and toolmakers were cigar smokers, and often chomped the dead stub ends of the cigars thru the day. I got my Bridgeport, Powermatic band saw, another 10" Southbend lathe and a bunch more tooling as my share of buying up the estate of a deceased Swiss immigrant toolmaker. Plenty of cigar boxes & coffee cans full of tooling in the deceased toolmaker's shop. No wooden machinist chests (maybe the widow kept them).

Years ago, I sniped a Gerstner chest on ebay. It was a great price for a good chest, and other than needing new felt, was in fine shape. We gave it to a close friend as a gift. The exterior of the chest told a tale, with a few cigarette or cigar burns on the top lid. Either the previous owner of the chest was a careless smoker, or other people in the shop had a disregard for another person's property. The fellow who sold me the chest told me he got it at a shop liquidation down in New Jersey, so had no idea who the actual owner/user had been. I had visions of a toolmaker or machinist in a shop smelling of tapping fluid, soluble cutting oil, and cigar smoke, lit by hanging fluorescent lights, kind of a universal and unmistakeable atmosphere for anyone who has ever worked in an older machine shop.

Jim Rozen and some others here will recall the late Dave Sobel, the used machinery dealer and machine tool maven. Dave had his shop in an aggolmeration of garages out in Closter, New Jersey when I knew him. Dave was a cigar smoker and often had a half chomped portion of a dead stogie in his mouth. Similarly, ages ago, when I'd walk into the used machine tool dealers' stores on Centre Street or the surrounding 'used machinery district' in Manhattan, the smell was a mixture of machine oil, fresh enamel paint, and old cigar smoke. If I went to talk to the dealers, they often had a good chunk of a stogie in their jaws. So did many of the riggers and machinery movers who were out along the curb in those days, waiting for a sale to be made so they'd have a machinery moving job.

I was never a smoker, so never accumulated cigar boxes of my own. What I do have a LOT of is olive oil cans, originally 1 gallon Felipo Berio tins from some years back (when you could easily get a gallon of olive oil for a reasonable price), and plenty more of the newer 3 liter tins. These tins wind up as receptacles for bolts, nuts, drills, parts, small pipe fittings, etc and generally get set aside until I forget I ever had whatever was in those tins. In the past few years, I took to buying stackable plastic bins and sorting thru endless olive oil cans' contents, surprising myself with what was unearthed. I use the olive oil tins to load parts and tooling for particular jobs, handy if I need to set aside taper shank drills, reamers, and the like.

I agree about the 'name' on tooling or chests. Something like a firm joint or spring caliper or dividers is not going to matter whether it says "Starrett" or "Union" or made in some offshore place. Similarly, a chest that functions to hold tools is really all that matters. Whether it is a home-made chest with butt joints and plywood construction rather than quarter-sawn golden oak with dovetail joints, or a chest made by Union or Star or any other maker, if it holds a person's tools, it does the job. I used to think it was a certain class of people who attached significance to 'brand names' or 'labels' on clothing, automobiles, and much else, but thought of machinists and mechanics as less 'label conscious'. As I learned, that is often not the case, and machinist or mechanics can be just as fussy about the label or maker's name as any other group of people. My attitude is that if a tool is made right, feels right in use, and does the job, it is a good tool (or chest or much else).
Nowadays, the older cigar boxes and shallow/large diameter coffee tins are 'collectable' and are sold at flea markets and antique stores. Cigar smoking or any smoking in the workplace (or many other places) is forbidden, and people are more health conscious. The days of machinists or toolmakers working with a half chomped stogie in their craws is probably long past.
 

JST

Diamond
Joined
Jun 16, 2001
Location
St Louis
The name is not important compared to the function. But, when you have an old box, the name is interesting as it gives some impression of the owner.... did he go for "the best"? Did he slap together something that worked "ok"?

Between the box and the contents, you can get an impression of the personality of the prior user. An expensive box full of Craftsman tools... ok....?? A cheap box full of top grade tools...??

Of course, if the box has been at some other person's shop since the original owner, then you are seeing whatever the second owner did.
 








 
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